Everything about elevators
Today, due to the urbanization of the people and the existence of tall buildings and towers, the necessity and importance of the existence and production of elevators is felt more than ever.
The presence of elevators is a great help in moving people and carrying heavy loads in hospitals and..
The idea of building all elevators is the same: connecting a lifting system to a chamber, but when it comes to different types of mechanisms, elevators seem much more complex.
Classification of elevators based on the type of drift:
1- Elevator
2- Hydraulic elevator
3- Pneumatic elevator
4- Lifting elevators
Traction elevators
All types of traction elevators are driven by a rope around a wheel connected to an electric motor at the top of the elevator shaft. These types of elevators are used for buildings with medium and high heights and have a much higher speed than hydraulic elevators. The balance weight in these elevators makes the elevator efficient.
Hydraulic lifts
They are based on a hydraulic pump that is connected to a piston and a pulley. This piston is attached to a set of brackets. A pair of steel cables (or ropes) are attached to the bottom of the shaft, pulled up around the pulley, and then attached to the end of the L-shaped strap in which the chamber sits. This makes the ride smoother than many other systems. Hydraulic lifts are especially great for home use and low-rise buildings.
Pneumatic elevator
It is the latest type and model of elevator and is considered as a revolutionary in this industry. These elevators are designed in such a way that they do not require cables, chains, pistons and weights, but instead use the elevator itself as part of the lifting system.
Lifting elevators
These types of elevators have a power supply device on the device itself and most of these motors are electric or combustion. Types of construction elevators are commonly used in construction sites.
After examining the types of elevators, the components of the elevator are examined:
Elevator door: One of the main parts is the elevator door, which includes different types:
Manual doors
Commonly found in older buildings. These doors are usually user controlled, although some close automatically.
Automatic doors
This type of door is used in modern and standard buildings. Almost all automatic doors are operated by an operator in the cabin and can be found in a variety of locations such as stores, schools, hospitals, airports, and shopping malls. Automatic doors offer different features that manual doors lack; Including reciprocating sensors, pressure sensors, speed controls and obstacle detection.
Doors of tongues
They can be opened and closed automatically and easily installed in residential houses and similar cases. Doors have different styles of languages:
Telescopic sliding door
Telescopic doors are usually found in small spaces because the mechanism of their opening does not require doors to slide on the side walls. Doors open and retract, require less interior space, and provide larger automatic openings than traditional doors. Telescopic sliding doors can have different styles:
Folding bus doors
These doors are usually installed when both weight and space are limited. Folding doors do not change the weight of a lift or cabin structure due to the reduced dimensions. A comprehensive mechanical publishing system is also available for language doors.
2- Speed controller
The elevator speed control system is known as the speed controller. If the elevator moves more than the speed limit, the speed controller controls it. The speed controller is usually attached to the floor and is also known as the rope controller.
3- Electric motor
If the elevator encounters any serious situation; Electric motors help to prevent it and provide the smooth operation of the elevator.
4- Elevator rails
The ups and downs of elevators are possible with the proper operation of the elevator rails.
5- Cabin
This is the main part of an elevator that is designed to carry goods and services or people to cross.
6- Elevator shaft
The elevator car moves in this space. Depending on the type of elevator, the location of the shaft can vary.
7- Disk drive unit
Everything that works with electricity must have a motor connected to perform its function. The drive unit is the part that contains a motor that raises the elevator.
8- Shock absorber
A shock absorber is a device designed at the bottom of an elevator to protect people. Shock absorbers can prevent the car from falling by collecting or scattering the car’s kinetic energy.
9- Safety device
A mechanical device connected to an elevator for safety reasons. The safety device can maintain the safety and security of the trip if the elevator moves at a maximum speed or more than the speed limit.
How to open the elevator door by the mechanism in it is described in this section:
The electric motor turns the wheel, which is attached to a long metal arm. The metal arm is attached to another arm, which is also attached to the door. The door can move back and forth on a metal rail.
When the engine turns the wheel, it pulls and turns the first metal arm, the second metal arm, and the attached door to the left. The door is made of two panels that when opened, the panels close together and when the door closes
It can be opened. When the elevator reaches a floor, the computer instructs the engine to open the doors, and to close the doors before the car can start moving again.
